English articles
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This essay draws on the author’s new book Dreams of a Great Small Nation: The Mutinous Army that Threatened a Revolution, Destroyed an Empire, Founded a Republic, and Remade the Map of Europe (Public Affairs, 2016).
An educated person today may be forgiven for thinking, like the author of the Book of Ecclesiastes, that “there is nothing new under the sun,” at least when it comes to history. Hasn’t every fact been unearthed, every story told? Perhaps, but historical episodes can find themselves first neglected, then forgotten. Such is the case with a story whose 100th anniversary approaches. Lost between the lines of the multiple histories of a tumultuous time, it began as the final horrors of the First World War melted into the growing chaos of the Russian Revolution, the fate of four empires hung in the balance, the United States and its Allies bungled a half-hearted attempt to reverse the course of Russian history, the Soviet Union was born, a fragile peace declared, and the map of Europe re-drawn.
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All rights reserved to BBC. This documentary focuses on the extrajudicial and organized violence carried out against minorities after World War II, chiefly among them the 10,000,000+ German civilians who were expelled from Eastern Europe after the war and the at least 2,000,000 who fled under pressure from the Soviet advance. Similar events were experienced by Finnish, Polish, Ukrainian, Caucasian, and other minorities in the course of expulsion. The controversial subject of Soviet war rape is explored. Although the Red Cross estimated at least 2,000,000 deaths among German expellees, the more substantial estimate is around 400,000.
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A Short History of the Communist Party– The Organization and Structure of the Communist Party - Full Membership Lists.
76 pages of interesting reading. I recommend page 71 - on membership growth from 1924 to 1960!
Jan Šinágl, 1.4.2017
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“The fundamental statements made so far by the German criminal prosecutors are groundbreaking for the victims of the Czechoslovak Iron Curtain, because so far no official or academic office in the Czech or Slovak Republics has dared to state that these are imprescriptible acts,” says Platform Managing Director Neela Winkelmann.
Prague, 27 March 2017. The Platform of European Memory and Conscience has received two letters already from German prosecutors concerning its comprehensive criminal complaint of 18 August 2016 on the killing of refugees on the borders of Communist Czechoslovakia. According to the German Federal Prosecutor General, the killing of refugees was an international crime. From the point of view of the prosecutor’s office in Weiden the killing of refugees suggests murder from base motives on the level of those responsible for the system of the border protection.
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